Investigation of Clinoptilolite Natural Zeolite Regeneration by Air Stripping Followed by Ion Exchange for Removal of Ammonium from Aqueous Solutions
The study investigates the regeneration of clinoptilolite natural zeolite for the removal of ammonium from aqueous solutions using a two-step process: air stripping followed by ion exchange. Conducted in a continuous system, the research begins with the characterization of clinoptilolite sourced from Semnan, Iran. The zeolite is saturated with ammonium and then treated with a 1 N NaCl solution to facilitate regeneration. The brine solution is subsequently subjected to air stripping, where the pH is raised to 11 to convert ammonium ions into ammonia gas, which is then absorbed in an acid scrubber.
The results indicate that the cation exchange capacities of the zeolite ranged from 17.31 to 18.38 mg NH4+/g, with regeneration efficiencies between 92% and 97% under various operational conditions. However, the efficiency of ammonia absorption during the air stripping process was only 55%, leading to significant ammonia release into the atmosphere. The study concludes that this method could serve as an advanced process for treating effluents, particularly in fishponds, where ammonium levels can be problematic.
The introduction highlights the environmental concerns associated with ammoniacal nitrogen in wastewater, emphasizing its toxicity to aquatic life and potential health risks to humans. The article reviews existing methods for ammonium removal, including air stripping, ion exchange, and biological nitrification-denitrification, and positions the proposed method as a cost-effective alternative.
This research paper is significant in the field of environmental health and wastewater treatment, particularly concerning the management of ammonium in aquatic systems. It contributes to ongoing discussions about sustainable and efficient methods for treating wastewater, especially in regions where traditional methods may be inadequate or too costly. The findings offer practical insights for wastewater treatment facilities, particularly in developing countries, by demonstrating a viable method for ammonium removal that minimizes chemical use and environmental impact. The research also underscores the importance of addressing ammonium pollution to protect aquatic ecosystems and public health.
