Influence of zeolite and superphosphate as additives on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities during factory-scale chicken manure composting
The research paper investigates the effects of additives—zeolite, superphosphate, and a combination of zeolite and ferrous sulfate—on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacterial communities during the composting of chicken manure at a factory scale. The study highlights the growing concern over antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and ARGs in livestock manure, which can contaminate soil and water, posing risks to human health.
The research found that composting significantly reduced ARGs, with the control group showing a 67.3% decrease, while the treatments with zeolite (F), superphosphate (G), and the combination (FL) achieved reductions of 86.5%, 68.6%, and 72.2%, respectively. Notably, ARGs associated with ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) were reduced more effectively than those linked to efflux pumps and sulfonamide resistance. The study also identified Firmicutes as key bacterial hosts for ARGs and noted that environmental factors and the presence of integrase genes significantly influenced ARG variation.
The composting process was characterized by high temperatures (70-80 °C) and pH levels, which contributed to the effective removal of both ARGs and pathogenic bacteria. The addition of zeolite was particularly beneficial, enhancing the removal rates of ARGs and pathogens. The study emphasizes the importance of managing manure to mitigate the spread of ARGs and suggests that composting, especially with specific additives, can be an effective strategy for reducing antibiotic resistance in agricultural settings.
This research paper is significant in the field of environmental science and agricultural management, particularly concerning the management of livestock waste and the mitigation of antibiotic resistance. It contributes to ongoing discussions about sustainable agricultural practices and the environmental impact of antibiotic use in animal husbandry. By demonstrating the effectiveness of composting with specific additives in reducing ARGs, the study provides practical insights for farmers and policymakers aiming to improve manure management practices and reduce the risks associated with antibiotic resistance. The findings can inform future research and strategies aimed at enhancing food safety and public health.
