In-feed supplementation of clinoptilolite favourably modulates intestinal and systemic immunity and some production parameters in weaned pigs
The research paper investigates the effects of clinoptilolite (CPL), a natural zeolite, as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the diets of weaned pigs. Following the EU ban on AGP due to health concerns, there has been a push for effective alternatives to maintain swine health and performance. The study aimed to evaluate CPL's impact on growth performance, gut health (specifically the reduction of harmful bacteria and incidence/severity of diarrhea), and immune responses in weaned pigs over five weeks.
The study involved 46 crossbred piglets divided into two groups: one receiving a standard diet and the other supplemented with 0.5% CPL. Results indicated that while pigs on the CPL diet had a higher average daily gain (ADG) at Day 28, they exhibited a significantly lower ADG by Day 35. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a non-significant improvement in the CPL group. Notably, although the CPL group had a higher frequency of shedding enterotoxigenic E. coli, their overall diarrhea severity score was lower compared to the control group.
Immunological assessments revealed that CPL supplementation significantly increased the proportions of certain circulating lymphoid cell subsets (CD45+, CD4+, CD21+) in the CPL-treated pigs, particularly between Days 21 and 35. Histological analysis showed an increased recruitment of CD45RA+ cells in the interfollicular areas of the ileal Peyer’s patches in CPL-treated pigs, suggesting an immunomodulatory effect.
In conclusion, while CPL did not enhance growth performance or significantly reduce harmful bacteria, it demonstrated potential as an immunomodulatory agent, promoting the recruitment of immune cells and possibly improving resistance to enteric infections.
This research paper is significant in the field of veterinary medicine and animal nutrition, particularly in the context of swine production. With the EU's ban on AGP, the search for effective alternatives is critical for maintaining animal health and productivity. The findings contribute to ongoing discussions about the use of natural supplements in livestock diets, highlighting the potential of CPL as a viable option for enhancing immune responses in weaned pigs. The study provides valuable insights for researchers, veterinarians, and swine producers looking for sustainable practices that align with regulatory standards while ensuring animal welfare and performance.
