The chapter "Zeolites and Their Potential Uses in Agriculture" by Kulasekaran Ramesh and Dendi Damodar Reddy provides an extensive overview of zeolites, focusing on their properties, classification, and applications in agriculture. Zeolites are natural crystalline aluminosilicates found in sedimentary rocks, characterized by their unique three-dimensional structure that allows for high cation-exchange capacity and porosity. The chapter begins with the origin and history of zeolites, noting their discovery in the 18th century and their subsequent classification based on morphological characteristics, crystal structure, and chemical composition.
The authors detail the physical and chemical properties of zeolites, emphasizing their effectiveness as ion exchangers due to their large internal surface area and ability to retain water and nutrients. Clinoptilolite is highlighted as the most significant natural zeolite for agricultural use, known for its ability to improve soil fertility and crop yields. The chapter discusses various nutrient interactions facilitated by zeolites, including soil urease adsorption, nitrate leaching reduction, ammonium trapping, and rock phosphate dissolution.
Agricultural applications of zeolites are explored, including their use as carriers for slow-release fertilizers, soil amendments, and agents for improving nutrient use efficiency. The authors also address the potential of zeolites in remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils and enhancing water retention in arid environments. The chapter concludes with a discussion of researchable issues related to zeolite use in agriculture, emphasizing the need for systematic research to optimize their application and benefits.
This chapter is significant in the field of agricultural science as it addresses the pressing issues of soil degradation and food security. With increasing population pressure and declining soil quality, the use of zeolites presents a sustainable solution for enhancing soil fertility and crop productivity. The chapter contributes to ongoing discussions about sustainable agricultural practices by providing evidence of zeolites' effectiveness in improving nutrient retention, reducing chemical fertilizer dependency, and mitigating environmental impacts. Readers, including researchers, agronomists, and policymakers, can benefit from the insights provided on zeolite applications, which may lead to innovative practices in soil management and crop production.
